The chance of developing cancer, not the seriousness of the cancer, increases as the radiation dose increases. This fact sheet lists the sources of outdoor uvr exposure and discusses why personal protective measures are important year round, not just in the summer months. The incidence of malignancy in pregnancy is low and most commonly occurs in breast, gynaecological, skin and haematological sites. Common sense and some basic information can greatly reduce radiation exposure and risk for most people. These hazards result from high levels of rf radiation, xray emissions, the necessity of working aloft, and the generation of extremely high voltages. Ionizing radiation ionizing radiationradiation with so much energy it can knock electrons out of atoms. The radiation dose is measured in terms of roentgen, it is the quantity of xrays or gamma radiation which produces one electrostatic unit in one c. Regulation on prevention of ionizing radiation hazards ministry of labour order no. There are two forms of radiation nonionizing and ionizing which will be discussed in sections 3. Cancers caused by radiation do not appear until years after the radiation exposure. Their main duty is to ensure that work is carried out without hazard to the health of the people involved. Report of the statewide program for radiation protection in the use of dental.
Prevention of ionizing radiation hazards ministry of labour ordinance no. Engineering controls such as improvement of ventilation, partial isolation of the contamination source, installation of negative pressure and separate ventilation and airconditioning system e. Radiation is a form of energy derived from a source that is propagated through material in space. On average, half of human exposure to radiation is from natural, background radiation. Do you know the hazards of radiation and how to protect against them. Radiation safety is a major concern in this modern era of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. Radiation nonionizing ionizing low radio microwave infrared visible uv uv alpha frequency frequency beta a b c gamma xray largewavelength smallwavelength lowfrequency highfrequency figure 18. Electromagnetic waves are not simply waves, but have a dual nature. Richard vetter, professor of radiobiology and radiation protection at mayo. Objectives of radiation protection the international commission of radiation protection icrp stated that the overall objectives of radiation protection is to provide an appropriate standard of protection for man without unduly limiting the beneficial practices giving rise to radiation exposure.
Cell phones and cancer risk fact sheet national cancer. Act on prevention of radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, etc. Radiation sources are found in a wide range of occupational settings. A number of protective measures and standards of protection have been proposed to protect against. One rad is equal to the radiation necessary to deposit energy of 100 ergs in 1 g of irradiated material 100ergsg. Mar 21, 2017 act on prevention of radiation hazards due to radioisotopes, etc. Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the international atomic energy agency iaea as the protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this.
All personnel should observe rf radiation hazard radhaz warning signs figure 417 that point out the existence of rf radiation hazards in a specific location or area. Radiation hazards, protection practices, civil structures, military. Radiation health effects radiation protection us epa. In larger organizations, the control of radiation hazards is the responsibility of specialists known as health physicists or, sometimes, health chemists. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation control. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. Because of the ubiquity of occupational hazards, injuries remain prevalent and expensive. Knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection practices and clinical profile of health workers in a teaching hospital in northern. When we have been in the sun too long our body usually tells us it. Outdoor ultraviolet radiation hazards and protection.
Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. A great dose of radiation destroys a lot of cells and can be the cause of a radiation illness. Cdc emf electric and magnetic fields niosh workplace. Additionally, the amount of radiation exposure from dental radiographs depends. Ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications, including uses. The hazards of radiation information about imminent danger of radiation to finland would be received already before it would be necessary for the general public to seek shelter. Ionizing radiation can affect the atoms in living things, so it poses a health risk by damaging tissue and dna in genes. Ionizing radiation is used to generate electric power, treat cancer, take xrays, and disinfect medical instruments. Food and drug administration fda notes that studies reporting biological changes associated with radiofrequency radiation have failed to be replicated and that the majority of human epidemiologic studies have failed to show a relationship between exposure to radiofrequency radiation from cell phones and health problems.
Some examples of radiation include sunlight, radio waves, xrays, heat, alpha, beta, gamma ionizing radiation, and infrared, just to name a few. The management of pregnant cancer patients is complex requiring a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the welfare of both mother and baby. The kind of radiation discussed in this document is called ionizing radiation because it can produce charged particles ions in. How to protect astronauts from space radiation on mars nasa.
Light, radio, and microwaves are types of radiation that are called nonionizing. Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue in the human body. Act on prevention of radiation hazards due to radioisotopes. Background radiation is what we receive naturally from the earth and cosmic sources.
Here is some basic information to help you minimize your dose and risk. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards and. Navy professionals are very safety conscious and, as a result, the number of accidents that occur on the job is small. Many people think radiation is some type of chemical or gas. Department of health and human services hhs, centers for disease control and prevention cdc provides additional information about the differences between radiation exposure and radioactive contamination on its. Radiation is the transfer of energy through space from an emitting source.
Radiation hazards in pregnancy and methods of prevention. The study includes investiga tion of electromagnetic radiation from highvoltage electric lines in inhabited areas in an urban. There are international agreements on the reporting of radiation and nuclear accidents. An incident is defined by osha as an exposure of the whole body of any individual to 25 rems or more of radiation. Although occupational hazards can include musculoskeletal conditions, psychosocial stress, radiation exposure, and the risk of communicable diseases, sharps injuries remain the most common among surgeons in practice and the most frequent route of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
It consists of ionizing radiation or nonionizing radiation. The term of radiation hazards is connected to the hazardous levels of ionizing radiation. Bases for protection against radiation and conventional hazards. Some people are more likely to develop cancer from radiation exposure than. When the risk of ionizing radiation to humans is discussed, the calculated unit.
Guidelines on prevention of radiation hazards for workers. Electromagnetic radiation hazards 5 summary of current ansi standards for exposure to nonionizing radiation. The centers for disease control and prevention cdc has prepared this fact sheet to help you understand the possible health effects to you r fetus from exposure to radiation. On radiation protection in hospitals and general practice volume 3 xray diagnosis b. Apr 29, 2016 ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Radiation hazards an external radiation field that is hazardous is relatively easy to detect and monitor.
This section provides information on controlling ionizing radiation hazards and preventing dose. Safety and health topics radiation occupational safety. The exposure of a fetus to radiation is referred to as prenatal radiation exposure. In reality, the word radiation refers to any transfer of energy through space from a source. Doses, radiation hazards are primarily stochastic rather than. Static and extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields cdcpdf external monograph by the international agency for research on cancer iarc monographs, volume 80 2002 this risk assessment is part of a highlyrespected international program to evaluate all carcinogens. Society for radiation protection and a regular contributor to the german monthly publication. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation control and. How to reduce radiation risk international medcom, inc. Ionizing radiation, health effects and protective measures.
Nonionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation. Radiation hazards and its effects on human bodyhealth hazards, prevention. Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to the human body or due to internal irradiation caused by the ingestion of radioactive contamination. In this weeks tail gate safety topic, we discuss what radiation is, its hazards, and what you should know if you work where radiation is used.
Pdf occupational hazards among medical radiation workers. Radiation is energy in the form of waves of particles. It strips away electrons from atoms breaks some chemical bonds. A radiation safety interlock system is a device that automatically shuts off or reduces the radiation emission rate from radiationproducing equipment gamma or xray equipment or accelerator. Health hazards of radiation an unprotected person in the accident place may in a short time receive such a great radiation dose that it has an immediate effect on the persons health.
Aug 17, 2012 one rad is equal to the radiation necessary to deposit energy of 100 ergs in 1 g of irradiated material 100ergsg. Pdf knowledge of radiation hazards, radiation protection. Occupational hazards among medical radiation workers prince ameh ogenyi, andrew england 1, yusuf aliyu, joseph dlama, ahmed hamza, roswita hamunyela 2, maikudi dauda 3. Not all of these types of radiation are harmful, in fact, in. Occupational health related concerns among surgeons. Safety and health topics ionizing radiation hazards. Ionizing radiation is a feature of the environment and an important tool in medical treatment, but it can cause serious damage to organisms. Tikhonov professor and director, central research institute for rontgenology and radiology, leningrad, ussr jointly sponsored. Radiation is energy that comes from a source and travels through space and may be able to penetrate various materials in its path.
In the management of radiation exposure, it is important to ensure that the appropriate balance is maintained between the risks posed and the benefits derived by both individuals and society in general. Radiation hazards in dentistry pdf radiation hazards in dentistry gont. This lesson is about the causes and types of radiation hazards and about. Keane principal physicist, medical physics department, royal sussex county hospital, brighton, england k. Data has shown that a wholebody averaged sar of 4 wkg is acceptable, and subsequently the standard was set at 0. All forms of ionizing radiation have sufficient energy to ionize atoms that may destabilize molecules within cells and lead to tissue damage. Feb 27, 2019 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report.
This section does not address the range of nonradiological safety and health hazards for workers in occupational settings with ionizing radiation hazards. You may encounter other types of rf radiation hazard signs, depending on the situation. When is the hazard from direct sunlight at its worst. Airborne dust occupational and environmental health department of protection of the human environment. When the beta particle is slowed down or stopped, secondary x radiation known as bremsstrahlung may be produced. This type of eruption, called a coronal mass ejection, or cme, is sometimes followed by a wave of highenergy particles that can be dangerous to astronauts and electronics outside the protection of earths magnetic system and atmosphere. A long solar filament erupted into space on april 2829, 2015.
Although, most of the participants demonstrated positive attitude towards radiation safety 88. The exposure of a fetus to radiation is referred to. Manual on radiation protection in hospitals and general practice, 5 vols. The most common malignancies are breast, skin including melanoma, gynaecological uterine, cervix and ovarian and haematological treating pregnant women with cancer involves balancing the care of the mother, whilst ensuring the health of the foetus. Apr 29, 2018 radiation is a form of energy derived from a source that is propagated through material in space. Radiation safety access resources designed to assist you in providing effective imaging and therapy while minimizing the risk during exposure to ionizing radiation. The higher the radiation dose, the greater the chance of developing cancer. Beta particles can be stopped by the walls of a room or by a sheet of plastic about 1. The prevalence of abnormal clinical findings was very low among the participants in this study, this is reassuring and it elucidates the importance of a functional occupational health service in radiation hazards prevention in addition to providing baseline information for ascertaining development of diseases related to occupational exposure to. When we think of radiation we may immediately think of only dangerous and harmful things. Nonionizing radiation is essential to life, but excessive exposures will cause tissue damage. The purpose of a radiation safety interlock system is to prevent worker exposure and injury from high radiation levels. Ensure that radiation hazard warning signs are available and posted.